合 Oracle中提高RMAN备份速度

2022年10月28日  

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Tags： Oracle优化rman加速

👉 本文共约1134个字，系统预计阅读时间或需5分钟。

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目录

• 数据库现状
• 修改linux内核参数shmmax和shmall
• 修改之前共享内存
• 修改之前linux内核参数
• 修改之后共享内存
• 修改之后linux内核参数
• 前后对比
• 改成异步IO
• 修改成hugepage
• 没有优化前备份性能
• 优化后的备份性能
• 对比分析
• 扩展
• 参考

数据库现状

SQL> select * from v$version; BANNER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production CORE 11.2.0.4.0 Production TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production SQL> set pagesize 0; select tablespace_name ,sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 as GB from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name; SQL> aaaa10 66.7578125 SYSAUX .6640625 UNDOTBS1 4.83886719 aaaa3 165.399414 aaaa8 66.7578125 aaaa1 165.399414 aaaa7 66.7578125 USERS .004882813 aaaa6 165.399414 SYSTEM .7421875 aaaa2 165.399414 aaaa4 165.399414 aaaa5 165.399414 aaaa9 66.7578125 aaaa11 66.7578125 SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'; Session altered. SQL> select max(LAST_ANALYZED) from dba_tables; 2020-02-25 22:20:26

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SQL> select * from v$version;   BANNER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production CORE    11.2.0.4.0  Production TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production SQL> set pagesize 0; select tablespace_name ,sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 as GB from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name; SQL> aaaa10                 66.7578125 SYSAUX               .6640625 UNDOTBS1               4.83886719 aaaa3                  165.399414 aaaa8                  66.7578125 aaaa1                  165.399414 aaaa7                  66.7578125 USERS                  .004882813 aaaa6                  165.399414 SYSTEM               .7421875 aaaa2                  165.399414 aaaa4                  165.399414 aaaa5                  165.399414 aaaa9                  66.7578125 aaaa11                 66.7578125 SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'; Session altered. SQL> select max(LAST_ANALYZED) from dba_tables; 2020-02-25 22:20:26

数据文件大小

du -sh /test-nvme/oradata/orcl 1.4T /test-nvme/oradata/orcl

1 2	du -sh  /test-nvme/oradata/orcl 1.4T    /test-nvme/oradata/orcl

修改linux内核参数shmmax和shmall

修改之前共享内存

[oracle@base-test-01 ~]$ ipcs -m ------ Shared Memory Segments -------- key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status 0x00000000 114458624 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 114491393 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 114524163 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 1212420 root 644 80 2 0x00000000 1245189 root 644 16384 2 0x00000000 1277958 root 644 280 2 0x00000000 297435143 root 600 524288 2 dest 0x00000000 114556936 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 114589705 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 114622474 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 114655243 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 114688012 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 114720781 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 114753550 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 114786319 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 114819088 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 114851857 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 114884626 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 114917395 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 114950164 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 114982933 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 115015702 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 115048471 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 115081240 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 115114009 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 115146778 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 115179547 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 115212316 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 115245085 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 115277854 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 115310623 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 115343392 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 115376161 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 115408930 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 297762851 root 600 4194304 2 dest 0x00000000 297861156 root 600 524288 2 dest 0x00000000 115441701 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 115474470 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 115507239 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 115540008 oracle 640 4096 0 0x42e38fd0 115572777 oracle 640 4096 0 0x00000000 127959083 root 600 832920 2 dest

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[oracle@base-test-01 ~]$ ipcs -m   ------ Shared Memory Segments -------- key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status       0x00000000 114458624  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 114491393  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 114524163  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 1212420    root       644        80         2                       0x00000000 1245189    root       644        16384      2                       0x00000000 1277958    root       644        280        2                       0x00000000 297435143  root       600        524288     2          dest         0x00000000 114556936  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 114589705  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 114622474  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 114655243  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 114688012  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 114720781  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 114753550  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 114786319  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 114819088  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 114851857  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 114884626  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 114917395  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 114950164  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 114982933  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 115015702  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 115048471  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 115081240  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 115114009  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 115146778  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 115179547  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 115212316  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 115245085  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 115277854  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 115310623  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 115343392  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 115376161  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 115408930  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 297762851  root       600        4194304    2          dest         0x00000000 297861156  root       600        524288     2          dest         0x00000000 115441701  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 115474470  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 115507239  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 115540008  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x42e38fd0 115572777  oracle     640        4096       0                       0x00000000 127959083  root       600        832920     2          dest

修改之前linux内核参数

$ cat /etc/sysctl.conf # sysctl settings are defined through files in # /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/. # # Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/. # To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in # /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override # only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later # name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. # # For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5). fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 4294967295 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 vm.swappiness=1 [oracle@base-test-01 ~]$

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$ cat /etc/sysctl.conf # sysctl settings are defined through files in # /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/. # # Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/. # To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in # /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override # only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later # name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. # # For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5). fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 4294967295 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 vm.swappiness=1 [oracle@base-test-01 ~]$

修改之后共享内存

[root@base-test-01 oracle]# ipcs -m ------ Shared Memory Segments -------- key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status 0x00000000 504037376 oracle 640 536870912 72 0x00000000 504070145 oracle 640 107911053312 72 0x42e38fd0 504102915 oracle 640 2097152 72 0x00000000 1212420 root 644 80 2 0x00000000 1245189 root 644 16384 2 0x00000000 1277958 root 644 280 2 0x00000000 297435143 root 600 524288 2 dest 0x00000000 508821513 root 600 832920 2 dest 0x00000000 297762851 root 600 4194304 2 dest 0x00000000 297861156 root 600 524288 2 dest # sysresv -l orcl -d on IPC Resources for ORACLE_SID "orcl" : Shared Memory: ID KEY 504037376 0x00000000 504070145 0x00000000 504102915 0x42e38fd0

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[root@base-test-01 oracle]# ipcs -m   ------ Shared Memory Segments -------- key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status       0x00000000 504037376  oracle     640        536870912  72                       0x00000000 504070145  oracle     640        107911053312 72                       0x42e38fd0 504102915  oracle     640        2097152    72                       0x00000000 1212420    root       644        80         2                       0x00000000 1245189    root       644        16384      2                       0x00000000 1277958    root       644        280        2                       0x00000000 297435143  root       600        524288     2          dest         0x00000000 508821513  root       600        832920     2          dest         0x00000000 297762851  root       600        4194304    2          dest         0x00000000 297861156  root       600        524288     2          dest #  sysresv -l orcl -d on   IPC Resources for ORACLE_SID "orcl" : Shared Memory: ID      KEY 504037376   0x00000000 504070145   0x00000000 504102915   0x42e38fd0

修改之后linux内核参数

[root@base-test-01 oracle]# sysctl -p fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 67108864 kernel.shmmax = 256000000000 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 vm.swappiness = 1

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[root@base-test-01 oracle]# sysctl -p fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 67108864 kernel.shmmax = 256000000000 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 vm.swappiness = 1

前后对比

oracle的共享内存从35个减少到3个，碎片大大减少。

改成异步IO

SQL> SELECT NAME,ASYNCH_IO FROM V$DATAFILE F,V$IOSTAT_FILE I WHERE F.FILE#=I.FILE_NO AND FILETYPE_NAME='Data File'; /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa1.dbf ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa2.dbf ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa3.dbf ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa4.dbf ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa5.dbf ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa6.dbf ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa7.dbf ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa8.dbf ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa9.dbf ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa10.dbf ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa11.dbf ASYNC_OFF SQL> alter system set filesystemio_options=setall scope=spfile; System altered. SQL> STARTUP FORCE; ORA-32004: obsolete or deprecated parameter(s) specified for RDBMS instance ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1.0796E+11 bytes Fixed Size 2266024 bytes Variable Size 5.6371E+10 bytes Database Buffers 5.1540E+10 bytes Redo Buffers 50450432 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> SELECT NAME,ASYNCH_IO FROM V$DATAFILE F,V$IOSTAT_FILE I WHERE F.FILE#=I.FILE_NO AND FILETYPE_NAME='Data File'; /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa1.dbf ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa2.dbf ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa3.dbf ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa4.dbf ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa5.dbf ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa6.dbf ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa7.dbf ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa8.dbf ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa9.dbf ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa10.dbf ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa11.dbf ASYNC_ON 15 rows selected. SQL>

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SQL> SELECT NAME,ASYNCH_IO FROM V$DATAFILE F,V$IOSTAT_FILE I WHERE F.FILE#=I.FILE_NO AND FILETYPE_NAME='Data File'; /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf           ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf           ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf          ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf        ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa1.dbf          ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa2.dbf          ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa3.dbf          ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa4.dbf          ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa5.dbf          ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa6.dbf          ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa7.dbf          ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa8.dbf          ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa9.dbf          ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa10.dbf         ASYNC_OFF /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa11.dbf         ASYNC_OFF SQL>   alter system set filesystemio_options=setall  scope=spfile;   System altered. SQL> STARTUP FORCE; ORA-32004: obsolete or deprecated parameter(s) specified for RDBMS instance ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1.0796E+11 bytes Fixed Size          2266024 bytes Variable Size        5.6371E+10 bytes Database Buffers     5.1540E+10 bytes Redo Buffers           50450432 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL>  SELECT NAME,ASYNCH_IO FROM V$DATAFILE F,V$IOSTAT_FILE I WHERE F.FILE#=I.FILE_NO AND FILETYPE_NAME='Data File'; /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf           ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf           ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf          ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf        ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa1.dbf          ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa2.dbf          ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa3.dbf          ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa4.dbf          ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa5.dbf          ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa6.dbf          ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa7.dbf          ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa8.dbf          ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa9.dbf          ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa10.dbf         ASYNC_ON /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa11.dbf         ASYNC_ON   15 rows selected.   SQL>

修改成hugepage

参考：https://www.dbaup.com/oracleshujukupeizhidaye.html

没有优化前备份性能

修改环境变量，将rman中的时间提示最小单位从天改到秒：
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT=‘YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS’
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK # 或： export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN
rman备份

RMAN> backup validate database; Starting backup at 2020-02-26 14:42:44 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00005 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa1.dbf input datafile file number=00006 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa2.dbf input datafile file number=00007 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa3.dbf input datafile file number=00008 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa4.dbf input datafile file number=00009 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa5.dbf input datafile file number=00010 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa6.dbf input datafile file number=00011 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa7.dbf input datafile file number=00012 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa8.dbf input datafile file number=00013 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa9.dbf input datafile file number=00014 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa10.dbf input datafile file number=00015 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa11.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00001 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00002 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:31:25 ......... RMAN>

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RMAN>  backup validate database;   Starting backup at 2020-02-26 14:42:44 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00005 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa1.dbf input datafile file number=00006 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa2.dbf input datafile file number=00007 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa3.dbf input datafile file number=00008 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa4.dbf input datafile file number=00009 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa5.dbf input datafile file number=00010 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa6.dbf input datafile file number=00011 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa7.dbf input datafile file number=00012 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa8.dbf input datafile file number=00013 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa9.dbf input datafile file number=00014 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa10.dbf input datafile file number=00015 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa11.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00001 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00002 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:31:25 .........   RMAN>

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