自动升级工具AutoUpgrade

替代了之前的手工升级或DBCU需要做的很多额外的操作。

随着2019年1月发布的RU (Release Updates)，针对12.2和18c (18.5)作为升级目标的AutoUpgrade Tool在Support网站提供，从19c (19.3)开始，该工具也随着数据库软件一并发布(保存在$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin目录下)。这个AutoUpgrade Utility是基于Java8的JARfile(autoupgrad.jar)，是一个轻量级的命令行工具，可以协助我们实现升级数据库自动化。

通过AutoUpgrade Tool可以同时升级一个或多个数据库，AutoUpgrade会自动运行升级前的预检查任务，在需要的地方执行自动修复(能修复99%的潜在问题)，接着执行升级数据库，最后完成升级后的后续动作(比如编译失效对象，调整时区、更新密码文件、spfile以及/etc/oratab等)。整个过程我们无需干预，只需要一个命令和一个配置文件，AutoUpgrade显著减少了与数据库升级相关的手工工作，使数据库升级过程更简单，从而大大降低风险。

截止到2019-12月，AutoUpgrade Tool的最新上传版本是Autoupgrade 19.7.2 build version 20191125。

对于12.2和18c (18.5) 作为升级目标的环境，需要通过2485457.1 – AutoUpgradeTool下载工具并保存到$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin目录下，因为从 19.3开始，该工具才随数据库一并提供。虽然说19.3开始，该工具随数据库一并提供，但Oracle专家建议您到Support网站下载最新的版本并替换$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin的发行版本。

AutoUpgrade工作流程

https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/upgrd/understanding-autoupgrade-workflows-stages.html#GUID-8C1FC4E1-2C9C-4CBC-AF5B-95F311D73BE4

比如java -jar $OH19/rdbms/admin/autoupgrade.jar -config config.txt -mode deploy这个命令，该命令会读取配置文件coonfig.txt，启动一个升级job，然后由该job负责完成升级阶段的所有工作。如果升级过程中出现特殊问题，解决该问题后，可以从失败的地方继续执行。

AutoUpgrade工作内容

Autoupgrade的四种模式。我们常用的是analyze和deploy

每个阶段执行的内容：

Analyze Mode: Setup, Prechecks.

Fixups Mode: Setup, Prechecks, and Prefixups.

Deploy Mode: Setup, Preupgrade, Prechecks, guaranteed restore point (GRP), Prefixups, Drain, DB (database) Upgrade, Postchecks, and Postupgrade. You can run your own scripts before the upgrade (Preupgrade stage) or after the upgrade (Postupgrade stage), or both before and after the upgrade.

Upgrade Mode: Setup, DB (database) Upgrade, Postchecks, and Postfixups.

升级RAC数据库

在升级数据库时，尤其是RAC数据库，建议通过DBUA或者autoupgrade工具来升级，因为这两个工具会处理几乎所有与升级数据库相关的工作。Autoupgrade工具是一个完美的升级工具。可参考AutoUpgrade Tool (Doc ID 2485457.1)。升级前建议下载最新的autoupgrade工具，并使用最新的版本。因为会解决一些潜在的问题。比如下面这两个问题

如果使用的是2019年7月以后的版本，则无需修改数据库参数cluster_database=false

如果使用的是2019年10月以后的版本，则无需修改配置文件参数timezone_upg=no

如果有多个实例在运行，数据库对自动关闭其他实例，保留一个节点

如果是CDB容器数据库，PDB是什么状态也无所谓，autoupgrade会自动处理

RAC数据库环境信息

本次升级是从Oracle 12.1.0.2 RAC升级到Oracle 19.3 RAC，其中12.1数据库包含了两个pluggable database(PPDB01，PPDB02)。整个过程很简单，对DBA来说，真的是太棒了。因为GI的版本自身是19.4，所以在本次实验中不涉及GI的升级。升级GI更简单，安装GI，然后运行rootupgrade.sh脚本，详情可参考下面的链接，将GI从11204升级到12102 (http://www.ohsdba.cn/index.php?m=Article&a=show&id=195)。点击此处下载升级通过Autoupgrade升级RAC的文档

Autoupgrade非常完美

通过日志我们可以看出，autoupgrade真的是太贴心了，做了很多东西。

1. 创建spfile

2. 更新/etc/oratab

3. 复制tnsnames.ora，listener.ora，sqlnet.ora到新ORACLE HOME

4. 执行srvctl upgrade database

5. 健康检查

Reference

https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/upgrd/using-autoupgrade-oracle-database-upgrades.html

AutoUpgrade Tool (Doc ID 2485457.1)

https://mikedietrichde.com/2019/09/05/the-september-2019-autoupgrade-and-the-autoupgrade-video/

https://mikedietrichde.com/2019/06/28/config-file-for-autoupgrade-19c-advanced-options/

https://mikedietrichde.com/2019/07/19/autoupgrade-and-data-guard-rac-restart-and-non-cdb-to-pdb/

AutoUpgrade Tool (Doc ID 2485457.1)

APPLIES TO:

Oracle Database - Standard Edition - Version 12.2.0.1 and later
Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition - Version 12.2.0.1 and later
Information in this document applies to any platform.

MAIN CONTENT

Description

Oracle Database AutoUpgrade allows DBAs to upgrade one or many databases without human intervention, all with one command and a single configuration file.

Benefits

AutoUpgrade enables customers to upgrade one or many Oracle databases at the command-line with a single command and a single configuration file. AutoUpgrade will run the preupgrade tasks, perform automated fixups where needed, execute the database upgrade, and finish by taking care of post-upgrade tasks. It includes automatic retry and fallback, the possibility to schedule upgrades for future points in time, and the ability to set, change or remove initialization parameters as desired. It saves time and money by upgrading hundreds of databases with one command and replacing bespoke high maintenance upgrade solutions.

Download

The most recent version of AutoUpgrade can be downloaded via this link: version 20211115.

Target Versions Supported

AutoUpgrade Tool can be used on upgrading to below Oracle Database releases:

• Oracle Database 21c (21.3 and newer)
• Oracle Database 19c (19.3 and newer)
• Oracle Database 18c (18.5 and newer)
• Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2 + DBJAN2019RU and newer)

For supported source Oracle Databases releases to be upgraded to above target releases, refer to Database Server Upgrade/Downgrade Compatibility Matrix (Doc ID 551141.1)

Installation

As of the January 2019 Release Updates (DBJAN2019RU) and beyond, AutoUpgrade Support is available for Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2) and Oracle Database 18c (18.5) target homes. For both Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2) and Oracle Database 18c (18.5) target homes, you must download the AutoUpgrade Tool and place it under $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin.

In Oracle Database 19c (19.3) and later target Oracle homes, the autoupgrade.jar file exists by default. However, before you use AutoUpgrade, Oracle recommends that you download the latest version and replace the one already existing under $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin.

AutoUpgrade documentation

Refer to Oracle Upgrade Guide for complete documentation about how to use AutoUpgrade tool.

官网： https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/upgrd/using-autoupgrade-oracle-database-upgrades.html

Known limitations

• Database restoration option is not available on an Oracle Database Standard Edition.

AutoUpgrade 21c Release: New Features/Enhancements

• Non-CDB to PDB Upgrades
  • AutoUpgrade can upgrade and convert a non-CDB to a PDB in a new CDB in a single operation, or upgrade and then convert a Non-CDB database to a PDB in a pre-existing CDB
  • Support for RAC and SI databases
• Unplug-plug upgrade
  • AutoUpgrade can perform an unplug of a pluggable database (PDB) from an earlier release source container database (CDB), plug it into a later release target CDB, and then complete all the steps required to upgrade the PDB to the target CDB release
• Supports RAC upgrades (Only for Linux or Unix-based systems)
  • Configuration of the RAC management system in the source and target home is automated
  • Supports native file systems, ASM and ACFS
  • Oracle Restart
  • Pluggable databases are supported in a RAC environment
• Ability to pass catctl_options (via config file)
  • This enables the DBA to control the level of parallelism for a specific upgrade.
• Restore capability
  • AutoUpgrade restore job option allows the DBA to restore database back to source home if upgrade failed or succeeded
• Clear the recovery for a specific job by adding clear_recovery_data on the command line and use jobs parameter to specific exactly which jobs recovery data must be cleared.
• Upgrades on Data Guard environments
  • AutoUpgrade can detect Oracle Data Guard configurations, and defer shipping logs to standby databases configured for the primary database. It will also detect and defer shipping logs to standby database if the deployment is configured manually. Upon a successfully upgrade of the primary database, upgrades to the standby database must be performed and monitored by the DBA.
• AutoUpgrade performance improvements
  • utlrp compilations moved out of upgrade into a post fixup
  • Improved resume operations: AutoUpgrade keeps track and skips over PDBs databases that have been upgraded successfully
  • Replay support was added for upgrades 21 or higher
• AutoUpgrade supports upgrade on CDBs with proxy pdbs
• AutoUpgrade supports upgrade on CDB’s with application containers
• Added additional JSON status information
• Integrated classic pre-upgrade functionality
  • The -preupgrade clause of AutoUpgrade replaces the functions previously performed by the manual Pre-Upgrade Information Tool (preupgrade.jar) in previous releases The -mode clause takes one of three values:
  • analyze: Check your system for readiness to upgrade
  • fixups: Perform fixups as needed on your source Oracle Database release in preparation for upgrade
  • postfixups: Perform fixups on your target Oracle Database release after upgrade is completed.
  • Reports are identical to what the preupgrade.jar originally produced.
• Starting Oracle Release 21c, Enterprise Manager, DBUA and ORAchk use AutoUpgrade to perform database upgrade readiness.
• Starting Oracle Release 21c, FPP performs database upgrades using AutoUpgrade
• Enhanced management of databases using Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)

REFERENCES

NOTE:551141.1 - Database Server Upgrade/Downgrade Compatibility Matrix

• AutoUpgrade 19.10.0 build version 20201023(2.24 MB)
• AutoUpgrade 21.1.3 build version 20210421(2.84 MB)
• AutoUpgrade 21.2 build version 20210721(2.85 MB)
• Autoupgrade 21.3 build version 20211115(2.86 MB)
• Changelog(41.51 KB)

数据库 升级/降级 兼容性矩阵 (Doc ID 1577660.1)

适用于:

Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition - 版本 9.2.0.1 和更高版本
Oracle Database Cloud Schema Service - 版本 N/A 和更高版本
Oracle Database Exadata Cloud Machine - 版本 N/A 和更高版本
Oracle Database Exadata Express Cloud Service - 版本 N/A 和更高版本
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure - Database Service - 版本 N/A 和更高版本
本文档所含信息适用于所有平台

用途

这篇文档总结了Oracle数据库升级和降级的兼容性矩阵。

适用范围

信息适用于Oracle Database Server 9.2.0 及更高版本，为DBA以及负责数据库升级和降级的相关人员提供帮助。

详细信息

升级

升级到19c的升级兼容性矩阵

​ 能够直接升级到Oracle Database 19c的数据库最小版本

升级到18c的升级兼容性矩阵

​ 能够直接升级到Oracle Database 18.1的数据库最小版本

升级到12.2.x的升级兼容性矩阵

​
​ 能够直接升级到Oracle 12c Release 2的数据库最小版本

​

​ 以下的数据库版本需要间接升级

升级到12.1.x的升级兼容性矩阵

能够直接升级到Oracle 12c Release 1的数据库最小版本

以下的数据库版本需要间接升级。

升级到11.2.x的升级兼容性矩阵

能够直接升级到Oracle 11g Release 2的数据库最小版本

以下的数据库版本需要间接升级。

更多信息，请参阅以下链接:
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e23633/preup.htm#UPGRD12358

（以上链接会定向到Oracle Technology Network，需要OTN的用户名和密码进行访问）

升级到11.1.x的升级兼容性矩阵

能够直接升级到Oracle 11g Release 1的数据库最小版本

以下版本的数据库需要间接升级。

更多信息，请参阅以下链接:
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28300/preup.htm#CEGEIBHC

(以上链接会定向到Oracle Technology Network，需要OTN的用户名和密码进行访问)

升级到10.2.x的升级兼容性矩阵

能够直接升级到10.2.x的数据库最小版本

以下版本的数据库需要间接升级。

更多信息，请参阅以下链接:
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14238/preup.htm#CEGEIBHC

升级到10.1.x的升级兼容性矩阵

能够直接升级到10.1.x的数据库最小版本

以下版本的数据库需要间接升级。

更多信息，请参阅以下链接:
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B14117_01/server.101/b10763/preup.htm#CEGEIBHC

升级到9.2.x的升级兼容性矩阵

能够直接升级到9.2.x的数据库最小版本

以下版本的数据库需要间接升级。

更多信息，请参阅以下链接:
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/server.920/a96530/migprep.htm#1006863

降级

从19c降级的降级兼容性矩阵

更多的信息，请参考 19c Downgrade link.

从18c降级的降级兼容性矩阵

更多的信息，请参考 18c Downgrade link.

从12.2降级的降级兼容性矩阵

更多的信息，请参考 12.2 Downgrade link.

从12.1.x降级的降级兼容性矩阵

更多信息，请参阅以下链接:
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E16655_01/server.121/e17642/downgrade.htm#i1010267

注意：
你不能降级到10.2.0.5因为Oracle Database 12c的最小兼容版本是11.0。
你不能降级一个从Oracle Database Express Edition升级上来的数据库。

从11.2.x降级的降级兼容性矩阵

更多信息，请参阅以下链接:
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e23633/downgrade.htm#UPGRD00710

从11.1.x降级的降级兼容性矩阵

更多信息，请参阅以下链接:
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28300/downgrade.htm#i1010243

从10.2.x降级的降级兼容性矩阵

更多信息，请参阅以下链接:
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14238/downgrade.htm#i1010243

从10.1.x降级的降级兼容性矩阵

更多信息，请参阅以下链接:
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B14117_01/server.101/b10763/downgrade.htm#i1010243

从9.2.x降级的降级兼容性矩阵

更多信息，请参阅以下链接:
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/server.920/a96530/downgrad.htm#1008177

注意
1 : 如果您在升级后打了某个补丁集，那么将不能降级。
例如：如果您从9.2.0.6 升级到 10.2.0.1，然后打上了10.2.0.3的补丁集，那么您将不能从10.2.0.3 降级到 9.2.0.6. （只有当您直接升级9.2.0.6 到 10.2.0.3，您才能从10.2.0.3 降级到 9.2.0.6）

2 : 您只能降级到和您数据库升级前一样的版本。
例如：只有您的数据库是从10.2.0.3升级到11.1.0.6的话，才能从11.1.0.6降级到10.2.0.3。如果您创建了新的11.1.0.6数据库，那么您不能将数据库降级到10.2.0.3。而且，如果您直接升级9.2.0.8 到 11.1.0.6，那么您也不能降级到10.2.0.3，因为您的数据库不是从10.2.0.3升级的。

3 : 如果数据库参数COMPATIBLE设置为比您升级前数据库版本更高的版本，您将不能做降级。
例如：如果您从10.2.0.3 升级到 11.1.0.6，之后设置COMPATIBLE 为 11.1.0.6，您不能做降级。而且，如果您从9.2.0.8 直接升级到 11.1.0.6之后设置COMPATIBLE 为10.2.0.1，您也不能做降级。

4 : 您不能升级一个发行版的数据库二进制文件到另一个发行版
例如：您不能升级10.1.0.2.0的二级制文件 到 10.2.0.1.0。发行版必须在一个单独的oracle home下安装。您不能将10.2.0.x安装在任何其他发行版的oracle home下来完成升级。

Database Server Upgrade/Downgrade Compatibility Matrix (Doc ID 551141.1)

APPLIES TO:

Oracle Database Cloud Service - Version N/A and later
Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition - Version 9.2.0.1 and later
Oracle Database Cloud Schema Service - Version N/A and later
Oracle Database Exadata Cloud Machine - Version N/A and later
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure - Database Service - Version N/A and later
Information in this document applies to any platform.

PURPOSE

This note gives a summary of the compatibility matrix for Oracle Database Server upgrade and downgrade.

SCOPE

This information applies to Oracle Database Server 9.2.0 and higher, and is intended for DBAs and anyone responsible for database upgrades and downgrades.

DETAILS

UPGRADE

Upgrade Compatibility Matrix for Upgrading to 19c

Minimum Version of the database that can be directly upgraded to Oracle Database 19c

Upgrade Compatibility Matrix for Upgrading to 18c

Minimum Version of the database that can be directly upgraded to Oracle Database 18c

Upgrade Compatibility Matrix for Upgrading to 12.2.x

Minimum Version of the database that can be directly upgraded to Oracle Database 12c Release 2

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