合 RHEL6 64位系统安装ORACLE 10g 64bit 数据库

记得去年4月份的时候，为公司部署测试环境和UAT环境时，在红帽RHEL6 64位系统安装ORACLE 10g 64位数据库时遇到了许多小问题，当时匆匆忙忙也没记录一下这些问题，前几天在虚拟机安装ORACLE 64位 10g时，又有一些常见问题又遇到了，顺便整理一下这篇文章。也许在RHEL6 64版本上安装64位Oracle 10g 的问题是最多的,估计很多人都被这个虐过无数次(很多人都是Oracle虐我无数遍，我待Oracle如初恋)。从网上搜索关于这方面的内容就可见一斑。好，废话少说，正式进入正题。

步骤1：准备系统以及在虚拟机上设置共享目录DataBase，准备数据库安装介质。有些细节东西我可能会一笔带过，不清楚的可以看看我这篇文章Rhel-Server 5.5 安装ORACLE10

​ 安装介质文件10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz，必须先用gunzip解压，然后用cpio解压cpio格式的文件。

解压安装文件

1. [root@bogon DataBase]# cd /mnt/hgfs/DataBase/
2. [root@bogon DataBase]# ls
3. 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
4. [root@bogon DataBase]# gunzip 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
5. [root@bogon DataBase]# ls
6. 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio
7. [root@bogon DataBase]# cpio -idmv < 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio
8. [root@bogon DataBase]# cd database/
9. [root@bogon database]# ls
10. doc install response runInstaller stagewelcome.html

步骤2：查看安装文档，在解压目录下打开welcome.html文件，点击“Installing Oracle Database”下的“Documentation”链接即可进入。安装前最好将安装文档初略看一遍，当然你也可以在安装过程中参考。

[root@bogon database]# firefox welcome.html

步骤3：检查硬件要求（Checking the Hardware Requirements）

官方文档对系统硬件的要求

#At least 512 MB of physical RAM

#The following table describes the relationship between installed RAM and the configured swap space requirement.

RAM Swap Space

Up to 512 MB 2 times the size of RAM

Between 1024 MB and 2048 MB 1.5 times the size of RAM

Between 2049 MB and 8192 MB Equal to the size of RAM

More than 8192 MB 0.75 times the size of RAM

#400 MB of disk space in the /tmp directory

#Between 1.5 GB and 3.5 GB of disk space for the Oracle software, depending on the installation type

#1.2 GB of disk space for a preconfigured database that uses file system storage (optional

内存检测：内存最低要求512M，如今不能满足这个条件的计算机的都是老古董了，虚拟机我分配的是2G内存，如下所示

Code Snippet

1. [root@bogon Desktop]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
2. ​ MemTotal:2051700 kB
4. [root@bogon Desktop]# free -g
5. ​ total used free shared buffers cached
6. ​ Mem:1 0 1 0 0 0
7. ​ -/+ buffers/cache:0 1
8. ​ Swap:3 0 3

交换空间（Swap Space）检测：

Code Snippet

1. [root@bogon Desktop]# grepSwapTotal /proc/meminfo
2. SwapTotal:4128760 kB

磁盘空间检测/tmp目录检测：

Code Snippet

1. [root@bogon Desktop]# df -m /tmp
2. Filesystem 1M-blocksUsed Available Use% Mounted on
3. ​ /dev/sda213878 2186 10987 17% /
6. [root@bogon Desktop]# df -h
7. Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
8. /dev/sda2 14G 2.2G 11G 17% /
9. tmpfs 1002M 100K 1002M 1% /dev/shm
10. /dev/sda1 291M 30M 246M 11% /boot
11. .host:/ 30G 16G 15G 52% /mnt/hgfs
12. [root@bogon Desktop]#

CPU检测：

[root@bogon Desktop]# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo

model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T6670 @ 2.20GHz

[root@bogon Desktop]#

步骤4：检查软件要求(Checking the Software Requirements)

下面是官方文档的系统要求

从文档中可以看出ORACLE 10g只支持到Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0，并没有明确表示支持Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.0. 这是因为Oracle官方并没有在Rhel 4以后的版本测试过Oracle 10g，另外一方面应该是Oracle出于自己的商业利益战略考虑。安装过程中你必须修改配置文件 /etc/redhat-release 将“Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.0 (Santiago)” 改为“Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4.0 (Santiago)”，否则安装过程会报错，无法继续。

查看内核版本，比文档要求的版本要高。

[root@bogon Desktop]# cat /proc/version

Linux version 2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 (mockbuild@x86-007.build.bos.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.4.4 20100726 (Red Hat 4.4.4-13) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Wed Sep 1 01:33:01 EDT 2010

[root@bogon Desktop]# uname -r

2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64

检查必须安装以下软件包（或更高版本）：注意千万不要用下面语句检查，否则全部都是没有，因为Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.0下的包的版本可能比这个高，所以你最好忽略那些版本号，然后去检查。这部相当重要。安装过程很多报错信息就是因为这一步没有到位导致的。当然有些错误是因为缺少一些包，安装文档也没有提及（后面有讲解）

rpm -q binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4

rpm -q compat-db-4.1.25-9

rpm -q control-center-2.8.0-12

rpm -q gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4

rpm -q gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4

rpm -q glibc-2.3.4-2

rpm -q glibc-common-2.3.4-2

rpm -q gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1

rpm -q libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4

rpm -q libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4

rpm -q make-3.80-5

rpm -q pdksh-5.2.14-30

rpm -q sysstat-5.0.5-1

rpm -q xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2

[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q binutils

binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6.x86_64

[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q compat-db

package compat-db is not installed

[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q control-center

control-center-2.28.1-25.el6.x86_64

[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q glibc-*

glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.x86_64

[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q gcc

gcc-4.4.4-13.el6.x86_64

[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q gcc-c++

package gcc-c++ is not installed

[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q glibc

glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.x86_64

[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q gnome-libs

package gnome-libs is not installed

[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q libstdc++-

libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.x86_64

[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q make

make-3.81-19.el6.x86_64

[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q sysstat

sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6.x86_64

[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q xscreensaver

package xscreensaver is not installed

安装缺少的包，首先配置yum，如果缺少文件 rhel-debuginfo.repo ,新建文件 rhel-debuginfo.repo，其中Relhat6目录是Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.0的安装介质目录，下面红色部分是需要根据你系统具体配置的部分

[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# vi rhel-debuginfo.repo

[rhel-debuginfo]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux LOCAL SOURCE

baseurl=file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

接下来就是安装缺少的一些包的过程，甚是枯燥和无聊。

View Code

有三个包没有，也找不到对应的安装文件，如下所示：

[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# rpm -q xscreensaver

package xscreensaver is not installed

[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# yum list xscreensaver

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml

Trying other mirror.

Error: No matching Packages to list

[oracle@bogon database]$ yum list gnome-libs

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin

Note Red Hat Network repositories are not listed below. You must run this command as root to access RHN repositories.

file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml

Trying other mirror.

Error: No matching Packages to list

[root@bogon Packages]# yum list gnome-libs

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml

Trying other mirror.

Error: No matching Packages to list

[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -q gnome-libs-

package gnome-libs- is not installed

步骤5： 创建需要的系统用户和用户组（Creating Required Operating System Groups and User）

5.1 首先检查是否存在用户组dba、oinstall

[root@bogon ~]# grep dba /etc/group

[root@bogon ~]# grep dba /etc/oinstall

5.2 创建用户组dba、oinstall

[root@bogon ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

[root@bogon ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba

5.3 检查是否存在oracle用户

[root@bogon ~]# id oracle

id: oracle: No such user

5.4 创建oracle用户

[root@bogon ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

[root@bogon ~]# id oracle

uid=502(oracle) gid=502(oinstall) groups=502(oinstall),503(dba)

5.5 设置oracle用户的密码

[root@bogon ~]# password oracle

​ bash: password: command not found

[root@bogon ~]# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

New password:

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@bogon ~]#

步骤6： 配置Linux系统内核参数 Configuring Kernel Parameters

在 /etc/sysctl.conf文件中添加内核参数信息

[root@bogon ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 262144

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 262144

[root@bogon ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

添加

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

[root@bogon ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login

[root@bogon ~]#

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

​ if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

​ ulimit -p 16384

​ ulimit -n 65536

​ else

​ ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

​ fi

fi

步骤7：创建安装路径 Creating Required Directories

[root@bogon ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

[root@bogon ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

[root@bogon ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

步骤8：配置oracle用户的环境变量 Configuring the oracle User's Environment

[oracle@bogon ~]$ vi .bash_profile

[oracle@bogon ~]$ tail -20 .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export ORACLE_SID=gsp

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

umask 022

[oracle@bogon ~]$

[oracle@bogon ~]$ source .bash_profile

[oracle@bogon ~]$

[oracle@bogon ~]$ DISPLAY=local_host:0.0 ; export DISPLAY

步骤9： 检查是否安装了JDK，没有的话需要安装JDK，配置环境变量。

步骤10： 开始安装

错误现象1：

[oracle@bogon database]$ ./runInstaller

./runInstaller: /mnt/hgfs/DataBase/database/install/.oui: /lib/ld-linux.so.2: bad ELF interpreter: No such file or directory

出错原因：如果出现这个错误是因为缺少包 glibc.i686

[root@bogon database]$yum install glibc.i686

错误现象2：

[oracle@bogon database]$ ./runInstaller

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking installer requirements...

Checking operating system version: must be redhat-3, SuSE-9, redhat-4, UnitedLinux-1.0, asianux-1 or asianux-2

​ Failed <<<<

Exiting Oracle Universal Installer, log for this session can be found at /tmp/OraInstall2013-08-05_07-24-40AM/installActions2013-08-05_07-24-40AM.log

[oracle@bogon database]$

错误原因：这个是因为上面所说的支持到Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4.0，所以你修改一下配置文件 /etc/redhat-release ,将原来的配置注释掉，添加一行Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4.0 (Santiago)，待安装完成后再修改过来。

[root@bogon Packages]# more /etc/redhat-release

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4.0 (Santiago)

#Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.0 (Santiago)

错误现象3：

[oracle@bogon database]$ ./runInstaller

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking installer requirements...

Checking operating system version: must be redhat-3, SuSE-9, redhat-4, UnitedLinux-1.0, asianux-1 or asianux-2

​ Passed

All installer requirements met.

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2013-08-05_07-34-52AM. Please wait ...[oracle@bogon database]$ Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /tmp/OraInstall2013-08-05_07-34-52AM/jre/1.4.2/lib/i386/libawt.so: libXp.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(Unknown Source)

at sun.security.action.LoadLibraryAction.run(Unknown Source)

at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)

at sun.awt.NativeLibLoader.loadLibraries(Unknown Source)

at sun.awt.DebugHelper.(Unknown Source)

at java.awt.Component.(Unknown Source)

错误原因:如果出现上面错误，一般是缺少系统安装包libXp

[root@bogon Packages]# ls libXp*

libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686.rpm libXpm-3.5.8-2.el6.i686.rpm

libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.x86_64.rpm libXpm-3.5.8-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

libXp-devel-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686.rpm libXpm-devel-3.5.8-2.el6.i686.rpm

libXp-devel-1.0.0-15.1.el6.x86_64.rpm libXpm-devel-3.5.8-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@bogon Packages]# yum list libXp

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml

Trying other mirror.

Available Packages

libXp.i686 1.0.0-15.1.el6 rhel-debuginfo

libXp.x86_64 1.0.0-15.1.el6 rhel-debuginfo

[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -ivh libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.x86_64.rpm

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:libXp ########################################### [100%]

[root@bogon Packages]#

[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -ivh libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686.rpm

error: Failed dependencies:

libX11.so.6 is needed by libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686

libXau.so.6 is needed by libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686

libXext.so.6 is needed by libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686

[root@bogon Packages]# yum install libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686.rpm

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml

Trying other mirror.

Setting up Install Process

Examining libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686.rpm: libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686

Marking libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686.rpm to be installed

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package libXp.i686 0:1.0.0-15.1.el6 set to be updated

--> Processing Dependency: libX11.so.6 for package: libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686

--> Processing Dependency: libXau.so.6 for package: libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686

--> Processing Dependency: libXext.so.6 for package: libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686

--> Running transaction check

---> Package libX11.i686 0:1.3-2.el6 set to be updated

--> Processing Dependency: libxcb.so.1 for package: libX11-1.3-2.el6.i686

---> Package libXau.i686 0:1.0.5-1.el6 set to be updated

---> Package libXext.i686 0:1.1-3.el6 set to be updated

--> Running transaction check

---> Package libxcb.i686 0:1.5-1.el6 set to be updated

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

================================================================================

Installing:

libXp i686 1.0.0-15.1.el6 /libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686 33 k

Installing for dependencies:

libX11 i686 1.3-2.el6 rhel-debuginfo 585 k

libXau i686 1.0.5-1.el6 rhel-debuginfo 22 k

libXext i686 1.1-3.el6 rhel-debuginfo 33 k

libxcb i686 1.5-1.el6 rhel-debuginfo 103 k

Transaction Summary

================================================================================

Install 5 Package(s)

Upgrade 0 Package(s)

Total size: 777 k

Total download size: 743 k

Installed size: 1.8 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 3.5 MB/s | 743 kB 00:00

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.

Installing : libXau-1.0.5-1.el6.i686 1/5

Installing : libxcb-1.5-1.el6.i686 2/5

Installing : libX11-1.3-2.el6.i686 3/5

Installing : libXext-1.1-3.el6.i686 4/5

Installing : libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686 5/5

Installed:

libXp.i686 0:1.0.0-15.1.el6

Dependency Installed:

libX11.i686 0:1.3-2.el6 libXau.i686 0:1.0.5-1.el6 libXext.i686 0:1.1-3.el6

libxcb.i686 0:1.5-1.el6

Complete!

[root@bogon Packages]#

错误现象4：

[oracle@bogon database]$ ./runInstaller

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking installer requirements...

Checking operating system version: must be redhat-3, SuSE-9, redhat-4, UnitedLinux-1.0, asianux-1 or asianux-2

​ Passed

All installer requirements met.

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2013-08-05_08-30-45AM. Please wait ...[oracle@bogon database]$ Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /tmp/OraInstall2013-08-05_08-30-45AM/jre/1.4.2/lib/i386/libawt.so: libXt.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(Unknown Source)

at sun.security.action.LoadLibraryAction.run(Unknown Source)

at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)

at sun.awt.NativeLibLoader.loadLibraries(Unknown Source)

at sun.awt.DebugHelper.(Unknown Source)

at java.awt.Component.(Unknown Source)

错误原因：导致出现上面错误有几个，你可能是其中的一个

1：缺少了一些包libXp-devel.i686

[root@bogon Packages]# yum install libXp-devel.i686

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml

Trying other mirror.

Setting up Install Process

Package libXp-devel-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686 already installed and latest version

Nothing to do

[root@bogon Packages]# yum install libXp-devel.x86_64

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml

Trying other mirror.

Setting up Install Process

Package libXp-devel-1.0.0-15.1.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Nothing to do

[root@bogon Packages]# yum install libXau.i686

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml

Trying other mirror.

Setting up Install Process

Package libXau-1.0.5-1.el6.i686 already installed and latest version

Nothing to do

[root@bogon Packages]# yum install libXau.x86_64

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml

Trying other mirror.

Setting up Install Process

Package libXau-1.0.5-1.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version

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