合 PG备份恢复工具之pg_probackup

发布日期 2023年8月29日 · 已更新 2024年7月4日

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Tags： PG PostgreSQL 备份恢复 pg_probackup

👉 本文共约1159个字，系统预计阅读时间或需5分钟。

简介
安装
二进制安装
源码编译
实验
本机备份还原示例
远程备份还原示例(有问题)
总结
未解决问题
参考

简介

GitHub：https://github.com/postgrespro/pg_probackup

文档：https://postgrespro.github.io/pg_probackup/

https://postgrespro.com/docs/postgrespro/16/app-pgprobackup

pg_probackup 是一个用于 PostgreSQL 数据库集群备份和恢复的强大工具，由俄罗斯公司 Postgres Professional 开发。它支持增量备份，允许在数据库持续运行的情况下进行高效的数据保护，同时节省磁盘空间和缩短备份窗口。

pg_probackup 是一款免费的postgres数据库集群备份工具，与pg_basebackup和pg_rman相比，具有以下优势：
1、提供增量备份
2、可以通过全量备份+增量备份进行增量恢复
3、无需通过实际的数据恢复操作即可验证备份文件是否有效
4、提供备份压缩以节省磁盘空间
5、可以对远程实例进行备份
6、可以从STANDBY实例进行备份
7、可以查看已备份数据备份以及归档的列表以及相关详细信息
8、支持部分还原（还原部分数据库）
9、支持对备份集的管理
10、并行恢复

安装

二进制安装

#DEB Ubuntu|Debian Packages
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/deb/ $(lsb_release -cs) main-$(lsb_release -cs)" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pg_probackup.list'
sudo wget -O - https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/keys/GPG-KEY-PG_PROBACKUP | sudo apt-key add - && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pg-probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}
sudo apt-get install pg-probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}-dbg

#DEB-SRC Packages
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb-src [arch=amd64] https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/deb/ $(lsb_release -cs) main-$(lsb_release -cs)" >>\
  /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pg_probackup.list' && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get source pg-probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}

#DEB Astra Linix Orel
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/deb/ stretch main-stretch" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pg_probackup.list'
sudo wget -O - https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/keys/GPG-KEY-PG_PROBACKUP | sudo apt-key add - && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pg-probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}{-dbg,}

#RPM Centos Packages
rpm -ivh https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/keys/pg_probackup-repo-centos.noarch.rpm
yum install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}
yum install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}-debuginfo

#RPM RHEL Packages
rpm -ivh https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/keys/pg_probackup-repo-rhel.noarch.rpm
yum install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}
yum install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}-debuginfo

#RPM Oracle Linux Packages
rpm -ivh https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/keys/pg_probackup-repo-oraclelinux.noarch.rpm
yum install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}
yum install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}-debuginfo

#SRPM Centos|RHEL|OracleLinux Packages
yumdownloader --source pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}

#RPM SUSE|SLES Packages
zypper install --allow-unsigned-rpm -y https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/keys/pg_probackup-repo-suse.noarch.rpm
zypper --gpg-auto-import-keys install -y pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}
zypper install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}-debuginfo

#SRPM SUSE|SLES Packages
zypper si pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}

#RPM ALT Linux 8
sudo sh -c 'echo "rpm https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/rpm/latest/altlinux-p8 x86_64 vanilla" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pg_probackup.list'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}
sudo apt-get install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}-debuginfo

#RPM ALT Linux 9
sudo sh -c 'echo "rpm https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/rpm/latest/altlinux-p9 x86_64 vanilla" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pg_probackup.list'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}
sudo apt-get install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}-debuginfo

#RPM ALT Linux 10
sudo sh -c 'echo "rpm https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/rpm/latest/altlinux-p10 x86_64 vanilla" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pg_probackup.list'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}
sudo apt-get install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}-debuginfo

#DEB Ubuntu|Debian Packages

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/deb/ $(lsb_release -cs) main-$(lsb_release -cs)" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pg_probackup.list'

sudo wget -O - https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/keys/GPG-KEY-PG_PROBACKUP | sudo apt-key add - && sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install pg-probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}

sudo apt-get install pg-probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}-dbg

#DEB-SRC Packages

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb-src [arch=amd64] https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/deb/ $(lsb_release -cs) main-$(lsb_release -cs)" >>\

/etc/apt/sources.list.d/pg_probackup.list' && sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get source pg-probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}

#DEB Astra Linix Orel

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/deb/ stretch main-stretch" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pg_probackup.list'

sudo wget -O - https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/keys/GPG-KEY-PG_PROBACKUP | sudo apt-key add - && sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install pg-probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}{-dbg,}

#RPM Centos Packages

rpm -ivh https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/keys/pg_probackup-repo-centos.noarch.rpm

yum install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}

yum install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}-debuginfo

#RPM RHEL Packages

rpm -ivh https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/keys/pg_probackup-repo-rhel.noarch.rpm

yum install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}

yum install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}-debuginfo

#RPM Oracle Linux Packages

rpm -ivh https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/keys/pg_probackup-repo-oraclelinux.noarch.rpm

yum install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}

yum install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}-debuginfo

#SRPM Centos|RHEL|OracleLinux Packages

yumdownloader --source pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}

#RPM SUSE|SLES Packages

zypper install --allow-unsigned-rpm -y https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/keys/pg_probackup-repo-suse.noarch.rpm

zypper --gpg-auto-import-keys install -y pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}

zypper install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}-debuginfo

#SRPM SUSE|SLES Packages

zypper si pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}

#RPM ALT Linux 8

sudo sh -c 'echo "rpm https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/rpm/latest/altlinux-p8 x86_64 vanilla" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pg_probackup.list'

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}

sudo apt-get install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}-debuginfo

#RPM ALT Linux 9

sudo sh -c 'echo "rpm https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/rpm/latest/altlinux-p9 x86_64 vanilla" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pg_probackup.list'

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}

sudo apt-get install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}-debuginfo

#RPM ALT Linux 10

sudo sh -c 'echo "rpm https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/rpm/latest/altlinux-p10 x86_64 vanilla" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pg_probackup.list'

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}

sudo apt-get install pg_probackup-{16,15,14,13,12,11}-debuginfo

源码编译

wget https://github.com/postgrespro/pg_probackup/archive/refs/tags/2.5.15.tar.gz
-- https://mirror.ghproxy.com/https://github.com/postgrespro/pg_probackup/archive/refs/tags/2.5.15.tar.gz

tar -xzvf pg_probackup.tar.gz
cd pg_probackup
make USE_PGXS=1 pg_config=<path_to_pg_config> top_srcdir=<path_to_postgresql_source_tree>
make USE_PGXS=1 pg_config=<path_to_pg_config> top_srcdir=<path_to_postgresql_source_tree> install

-- 注意：
pg_config 是pg_config程序所在路径
top_srcdir 是postgresql源码所在路径
EG:
make USE_PGXS=1 pg_config=/opt/pg151/bin top_srcdir=/home/pg15/postgresql-15.1
make USE_PGXS=1 pg_config=/opt/pg151/bin top_srcdir=/home/pg15/postgresql-15.1 install

wget https://github.com/postgrespro/pg_probackup/archive/refs/tags/2.5.15.tar.gz

-- https://mirror.ghproxy.com/https://github.com/postgrespro/pg_probackup/archive/refs/tags/2.5.15.tar.gz

tar -xzvf pg_probackup.tar.gz

cd pg_probackup

make USE_PGXS=1 pg_config=<path_to_pg_config> top_srcdir=<path_to_postgresql_source_tree>

make USE_PGXS=1 pg_config=<path_to_pg_config> top_srcdir=<path_to_postgresql_source_tree> install

-- 注意：

pg_config 是pg_config程序所在路径

top_srcdir 是postgresql源码所在路径

EG:

make USE_PGXS=1 pg_config=/opt/pg151/bin top_srcdir=/home/pg15/postgresql-15.1

make USE_PGXS=1 pg_config=/opt/pg151/bin top_srcdir=/home/pg15/postgresql-15.1 install

实验

lhrpg01(192.92.0.23)为数据库服务器，lhrpg02(192.92.0.42)为备份服务器。


docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lhrbest/lhrpgall:4.0

docker rm -f lhrpg01
docker run -itd --name lhrpg01 -h lhrpg01 \
  -p 25432-25445:5432-5445  -p 122:22 -p 189:3389 \
  -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \
  --restart=always \
  --privileged=true lhrbest/lhrpgall:4.0 \
  /usr/sbin/init
docker exec -it lhrpg01 bash

ps -ef|grep postgres | grep bin

docker rm -f lhrpg02
docker run -itd --name lhrpg02 -h lhrpg02 \
  -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \
  --restart=always \
  --privileged=true lhrbest/lhrpgall:4.0 \
  /usr/sbin/init
docker exec -it lhrpg02 bash

systemctl stop pg94 pg96 pg10 pg11 pg12 pg13 pg14 pg15
systemctl stop  postgresql-15.service 

rpm -ivh https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/keys/pg_probackup-repo-centos.noarch.rpm -y
yum install pg_probackup-16 -y

ln -s /usr/bin/pg_probackup-16  /usr/bin/pg_probackup

-- 互信
./sshUserSetup.sh -user pg16  -hosts "192.92.0.23  192.92.0.42" -advanced -noPromptPassphrase -confirm
./sshUserSetup.sh -user pg16  -hosts "lhrpg01 lhrpg02" -advanced -noPromptPassphrase -confirm
chmod 600 /home/pg16/.ssh/config

mkdir /bk
chmod 777 /bk

# 分别对pg01和pg02 设置数据库参数，注意：--instance 的参数
alter system set archive_command = '/usr/bin/pg_probackup archive-push -B /bk --instance pg01 --wal-file-name=%f  --remote-proto=ssh  --remote-host=192.92.0.23 --remote-port=22 --remote-user=pg16';
# alter system set archive_command = '/usr/bin/pg_probackup archive-push -B /bk --instance pg02 --wal-file-name=%f  --remote-proto=ssh  --remote-host=192.92.0.23 --remote-port=22 --remote-user=pg16';

alter system set archive_mode = on;
alter system set listen_addresses = '*';
-- alter system set log_line_prefix = '';
alter system set max_wal_senders = 10;
alter system set wal_level = replica;

# 重启数据库
pg_ctl restart

docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lhrbest/lhrpgall:4.0

docker rm -f lhrpg01

docker run -itd --name lhrpg01 -h lhrpg01 \

-p 25432-25445:5432-5445 -p 122:22 -p 189:3389 \

-v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \

--restart=always \

--privileged=true lhrbest/lhrpgall:4.0 \

/usr/sbin/init

docker exec -it lhrpg01 bash

ps -ef|grep postgres | grep bin

docker rm -f lhrpg02

docker run -itd --name lhrpg02 -h lhrpg02 \

-v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \

--restart=always \

--privileged=true lhrbest/lhrpgall:4.0 \

/usr/sbin/init

docker exec -it lhrpg02 bash

systemctl stop pg94 pg96 pg10 pg11 pg12 pg13 pg14 pg15

systemctl stop postgresql-15.service

rpm -ivh https://repo.postgrespro.ru/pg_probackup/keys/pg_probackup-repo-centos.noarch.rpm -y

yum install pg_probackup-16 -y

ln -s /usr/bin/pg_probackup-16 /usr/bin/pg_probackup

-- 互信

./sshUserSetup.sh -user pg16 -hosts "192.92.0.23 192.92.0.42" -advanced -noPromptPassphrase -confirm

./sshUserSetup.sh -user pg16 -hosts "lhrpg01 lhrpg02" -advanced -noPromptPassphrase -confirm

chmod 600 /home/pg16/.ssh/config

mkdir /bk

chmod 777 /bk

# 分别对pg01和pg02 设置数据库参数，注意：--instance 的参数

alter system set archive_command = '/usr/bin/pg_probackup archive-push -B /bk --instance pg01 --wal-file-name=%f --remote-proto=ssh --remote-host=192.92.0.23 --remote-port=22 --remote-user=pg16';

# alter system set archive_command = '/usr/bin/pg_probackup archive-push -B /bk --instance pg02 --wal-file-name=%f --remote-proto=ssh --remote-host=192.92.0.23 --remote-port=22 --remote-user=pg16';

alter system set archive_mode = on;

alter system set listen_addresses = '*';

-- alter system set log_line_prefix = '';

alter system set max_wal_senders = 10;

alter system set wal_level = replica;

# 重启数据库

pg_ctl restart

本机备份还原示例


pg_probackup-16 init -B /bk/

pg_probackup-16 add-instance -B /bk/ -D /pg16/pgdata --instance=pg01
pg_probackup-16 show-config -B /bk/ --instance=pg01

pg_probackup-16 show -B  /bk/

-- 全量
pg_probackup-16 backup -B /bk/ --instance pg01 -b FULL -U postgres -h /pg16/pgdata/  -p 5441 -d postgres  --compress --stream

-- 增量
pg_probackup-16 backup -B /bk/ --instance pg01 -b DELTA -U postgres -h /pg16/pgdata/  -p 5441 -d postgres  --compress --stream

create table t(id int, col2 text);
insert into t select n, 'test123' || n || md5(random()::varchar) from generate_series(1, 300000) as n;
select pg_relation_filepath('t');
show data_directory;

-- 全量还原
pg_probackup-16  restore -B /bk/  --instance pg01 -D /pg16/pgdata/ -i SG20AY  --threads=4

-- 增量还原(注意i参数备份集的选择)
pg_probackup-16  restore -B /bk/  --instance pg01 -D /pg16/pgdata/ -i SG20FJ  --threads=4

-- 时间点还原
pg_probackup-16  restore -B /bk/  --instance pg01 -D /pg16/pgdata/ -i SG0888  --threads=4 \
—recovery-target-time='2024-07-17 21:13:58' —recovery-target-inclusive=true

pg_probackup-16 init -B /bk/

pg_probackup-16 add-instance -B /bk/ -D /pg16/pgdata --instance=pg01

pg_probackup-16 show-config -B /bk/ --instance=pg01

pg_probackup-16 show -B /bk/

-- 全量

pg_probackup-16 backup -B /bk/ --instance pg01 -b FULL -U postgres -h /pg16/pgdata/ -p 5441 -d postgres --compress --stream

-- 增量

pg_probackup-16 backup -B /bk/ --instance pg01 -b DELTA -U postgres -h /pg16/pgdata/ -p 5441 -d postgres --compress --stream

create table t(id int, col2 text);

insert into t select n, 'test123' || n || md5(random()::varchar) from generate_series(1, 300000) as n;

select pg_relation_filepath('t');

show data_directory;

-- 全量还原

pg_probackup-16 restore -B /bk/ --instance pg01 -D /pg16/pgdata/ -i SG20AY --threads=4

-- 增量还原(注意i参数备份集的选择)

pg_probackup-16 restore -B /bk/ --instance pg01 -D /pg16/pgdata/ -i SG20FJ --threads=4

-- 时间点还原

pg_probackup-16 restore -B /bk/ --instance pg01 -D /pg16/pgdata/ -i SG0888 --threads=4 \

—recovery-target-time='2024-07-17 21:13:58' —recovery-target-inclusive=true

日志：

[root@lhrpg01 bk]# pg_probackup-16 backup -B /bk/ --instance pg16 -b FULL -U postgres -h /pg16/pgdata/  -p 5441 -d postgres  --compress --stream
INFO: Backup start, pg_probackup version: 2.5.15, instance: pg16, backup ID: SG1ET0, backup mode: FULL, wal mode: STREAM, remote: false, compress-algorithm: zlib, compress-level: 1
INFO: This PostgreSQL instance was initialized with data block checksums. Data block corruption will be detected
WARNING: Current PostgreSQL role is superuser. It is not recommended to run pg_probackup under superuser.
INFO: Database backup start
INFO: wait for pg_backup_start()
INFO: Wait for WAL segment /bk/backups/pg16/SG1ET0/database/pg_wal/00000005000000000000000D to be streamed
WARNING: Skip hidden file: '/pg16/pgdata/.s.PGSQL.5441.lock'
WARNING: Skip hidden file: '/pg16/pgdata/.s.PGSQL.5441'
INFO: PGDATA size: 43MB
INFO: Current Start LSN: 0/D000028, TLI: 5
INFO: Start transferring data files
INFO: Data files are transferred, time elapsed: 0
INFO: wait for pg_stop_backup()
INFO: pg_stop backup() successfully executed
INFO: stop_lsn: 0/D0001A0
INFO: Getting the Recovery Time from WAL
INFO: Syncing backup files to disk
INFO: Backup files are synced, time elapsed: 0
INFO: Validating backup SG1ET0
INFO: Backup SG1ET0 data files are valid
INFO: Backup SG1ET0 resident size: 31MB
INFO: Backup SG1ET0 completed

[root@lhrpg01 bk]# pg_probackup-16 backup -B /bk/ --instance pg16 -b FULL -U postgres -h /pg16/pgdata/ -p 5441 -d postgres --compress --stream

INFO: Backup start, pg_probackup version: 2.5.15, instance: pg16, backup ID: SG1ET0, backup mode: FULL, wal mode: STREAM, remote: false, compress-algorithm: zlib, compress-level: 1

INFO: This PostgreSQL instance was initialized with data block checksums. Data block corruption will be detected

WARNING: Current PostgreSQL role is superuser. It is not recommended to run pg_probackup under superuser.

INFO: Database backup start

INFO: wait for pg_backup_start()

INFO: Wait for WAL segment /bk/backups/pg16/SG1ET0/database/pg_wal/00000005000000000000000D to be streamed

WARNING: Skip hidden file: '/pg16/pgdata/.s.PGSQL.5441.lock'

WARNING: Skip hidden file: '/pg16/pgdata/.s.PGSQL.5441'

INFO: PGDATA size: 43MB

INFO: Current Start LSN: 0/D000028, TLI: 5

INFO: Start transferring data files

INFO: Data files are transferred, time elapsed: 0

INFO: wait for pg_stop_backup()

INFO: pg_stop backup() successfully executed

INFO: stop_lsn: 0/D0001A0

INFO: Getting the Recovery Time from WAL

INFO: Syncing backup files to disk

INFO: Backup files are synced, time elapsed: 0

INFO: Validating backup SG1ET0

INFO: Backup SG1ET0 data files are valid

INFO: Backup SG1ET0 resident size: 31MB

INFO: Backup SG1ET0 completed

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合 PG备份恢复工具之pg_probackup

简介

安装

二进制安装

源码编译

实验

本机备份还原示例

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合 PG备份恢复工具之pg_probackup

简介

安装

二进制安装

源码编译

实验

本机备份还原示例

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《PostgreSQL技术内幕——原理探索》第一章数据库集簇，数据库，数据表

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